peptide wiki

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

aka VIP

Immune Modulator

Mechanism

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide of the secretin/glucagon family, widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral nervous system. It is a potent vasodilator, bronchodilator, and immunomodulator. Synthetic VIP (aviptadil) has been investigated in clinical trials for COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure; it is NOT FDA-approved. Intranasal compounded VIP is used off-label in the controversial 'CIRS' (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) / mold-illness protocol popularized by Ritchie Shoemaker — CIRS is not a mainstream medical diagnosis.

Identification

CAS number40077-57-4
Molecular formulaC147H237N43O43S
SequenceHSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN
Typical dose50 mcg per nostril (400 mcg/day) intranasal 4x daily (Shoemaker/CIRS protocol); 25–50 mcg/kg inhaled q4–6h for pulmonary research
Half-life~1–2 minutes (plasma, IV/physiological conditions)

Vendors selling Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 20 mg $150.00 99
Moglabs 5 mg $36.00 96
Crush Research 10 mg $43.00 95
Orbitrex Peptides 10 mg $74.99 95
Peptide Tech 10 mg $48.99 94
Skye Peptides 5 mg $59.00 90
Qihang Peptide 87
Peptidegurus 6 mg 84
Cocer Peptides 10 mg $220.00 82
Mandy 10 mg $136.00 43
MJT peptides 10 mg $187.00 39
NG Peptide 10 mg $45.00

Research

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in COVID-19 Therapy-Shedding of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 via ADAM10
Gutzler C, Höhne K, Bani D, Kayser G, Fähndrich S, Ambros M, Hug MJ, Rieg S, Falcone V, Müller-Quernheim J, Zissel G, Frye BC. · International journal of molecular sciences (2025) ·

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may develop mild respiratory symptoms but also Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Additionally, severe systemic inflammation contributes to morbidity and mortality.

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and its Receptors in Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cold Stress Adaptation
Korkmaz OT, Saydam F, Dalkiran B, Değirmenci İ, Tunçel N. · Cell biochemistry and biophysics (2025) · animal

Adipose tissue represents an organ that is highly dynamic and contributes toward vital survival events such as immune responses, lactation, metabolism fuel, and thermogenesis.

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Posterior Nasal Nerve Combined with Anterior Ethmoid Neurotomy for Idiopathic Rhinitis
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

The present study was a randomised, parallel controlled, open-label, multicentre clinical study. The trial was divided into two groups, the posterior nasal nerve combined with anterior ethmoid neurotomy group (group A) and the conventional drug treatment group (group B).

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Increased Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing IVF
Sallicandro L, Gliozheni E, Feudi D, Sabbatini P, Pellegrino RM, Alabed HBR, Baldini D, Gerli S, Alviggi C, Cascardi E, Cicinelli E, Malvasi A, Fioretti B. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2024) ·

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifactorial and polygenic disorder of the endocrine system, affecting up to 20% of women in reproductive age with a still unknown etiology.

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The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in atropine-related inhibition of the progression of myopia
Wang Y, Li L, Tang X, Fan H, Song W, Xie J, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Zou Y. · BMC ophthalmology (2024) · animal

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in myopia development and its contribution to the mechanism of action of the anti-myopia drug, atropine.

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Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the rat pallial and subpallial amygdala and colocalization with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Salamanca G, Tagliavia C, Grandis A, Graïc JM, Cozzi B, Bombardi C. · Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) (2024) · animal

The amygdaloid complex, also known as the amygdala, is a heterogeneous group of distinct nuclear and cortical pallial and subpallial structures. The amygdala plays an important role in several complex functions including emotional behavior and learning.

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Tolerability of an Ancient Grain in Patients With Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · rct

Patients suffering from wheat-related troubles, in absence of celiac disease or wheat allergy diagnosis, can suffer from non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). This is characterized by both gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal symptoms, which improve with the elimination of wheat intake.

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Observe Intestinal Tract Cleaness of Senile Constipation Patients Used Gastrointestinal External Stimulation
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · rct

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Elderly patients with constipation requiring colonoscopy were randomly divided into four groups: 1. Received both gastrointestinal external stimulation and transcutaneouselectrical acupoint stimulation; 2.

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Heme and Cu<sup>2+</sup>-induced vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) tyrosine nitration: A possible molecular mechanism for the attenuated anti-inflammatory effect of VIP in inflammatory diseases
Zeng L, Zhang X, Xia M, Ye H, Li H, Gao Z. · Biochimie (2023) ·

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that play an important role in immunoregulation and anti-inflammation. Numerous inflammatory/autoimmune disorders are associated with decreased VIP binding ability to receptors and diminished VIP activation of cAMP generation in immune cells.

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Protects Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalatiae</i> Infection
Zhang Z, Li Q, Huang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Jiang B, Huang Y, Jian J. · International journal of molecular sciences (2022) · animal

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a member of secretin/glucagon family, is involved in a variety of biological activities such as gut motility, immune responses, and carcinogenesis.

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A Characterization of the Electrophysiological and Morphological Properties of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Interneurons in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex (MEC)
Badrinarayanan S, Manseau F, Williams S, Brandon MP. · Frontiers in neural circuits (2021) · animal

Circuit interactions within the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) translate movement into a coherent code for spatial location. Entorhinal principal cells are subject to strong lateral inhibition, suggesting that a disinhibitory mechanism may drive their activation.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) conducts the neuronal activity during absence seizures: GABA seems to be the main mediator of VIP
Korkmaz OT, Arkan S, Öncü-Kaya EM, Ateş N, Tunçel N. · Neuroscience letters (2021) · animal

Absence epilepsy is classified as a childhood generalized epilepsy syndrome with distinctive electroencephalographic patterns. The Wistar Albino Glaxo originating from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) strain is a very well validated animal model of absence epilepsy that also shows behavioral deficits.

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Editorial: Novel Therapeutic Potential for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Related Peptides in Cognition Deficits
Ciranna L, Reglodi D, Chow BK, Vaudry D. · Frontiers in cellular neuroscience (2021) ·
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A Clinical Study Evaluating Inhaled Aviptadil on COVID-19
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2021) · rct

This study is a multicenter, prospective, placebo-controlled, comparative, randomized, double-blind local phase II clinical trial. Duration of study is 18 months.

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Effect of Acrylamide Supplementation on the Population of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Porcine Small Intestine
Palus K, Bulc M, Całka J. · International journal of molecular sciences (2020) · animal

Acrylamide is one of the harmful substances present in food.

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The Effect of Anti-calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antibodies on the Headache Inducing Properties of CGRP and Cilostazol in Migraine Patients
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2020) · rct

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study to investigate the effect of erenumab in calcitonin-gene related peptide and cilostazol experimental models of migraine in humans. Followed by a 6-month open-label extension.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) localization in the epididymis of two vertebrate species
Rosati L, Andreuccetti P, Prisco M. · Comptes rendus biologies (2017) · animal

VIP and its receptors (VPACRs) are largely investigated in vertebrate testis, as well as their functions in the control of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. By contrast, a few data are available about the presence and role of VIP in the epididymis.

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Transcutaneous Electroacupuncture for Gastric Complications of Scleroderma
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2017) · rct

An innovative method of needleless transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA) using a newly developed watch-size stimulator is proposed. Weak electrical current will be delivered via skin surface electrodes to acupuncture points related to gastrointestinal functions.

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CGRP, Estrogen, Cortisol, VIP, α-Amylase, PGE2, PGI2 and ß-Endorphin Levels in Menstrual Migraine Before and After Treximet
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2011) · rct

The purpose of this study is to (1) evaluate pain-free efficacy of Treximet™ following treatment of menstrual migraine, (2) investigate levels of Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), estrogen, cortisol, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), alpha (a)-amylase, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and beta…

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Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Active Migraine Headaches
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2007) · cohort

The purpose of this study is to determine whether C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is elevated in patients with active migraine headaches.

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