peptide wiki

Semaglutide

aka Semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist)

GLP-1 / Metabolic

Mechanism

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes management and chronic weight management. It mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1 to regulate appetite and glucose metabolism.

Identification

CAS number910463-68-2
Molecular formulaC187H291N45O59
Typical dose0.25–2.4 mg (250–2400 mcg) subcutaneous once weekly; typically titrated from 0.25 mg/week, increasing every 4 weeks
Half-life~7 days

Vendors selling Semaglutide

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 50 mg $335.00 99
Orbitrex Peptides 10 mg $69.99 95
Orbitrex Peptides 20 mg $119.99 95
Profound Aminos 5 mg $79.00 95
Prime Peptides 5 mg $80.00 95
Prime Peptides 10 mg $80.00 95
Prime Peptides 15 mg $80.00 95
Skye Peptides 6 mg $60.00 90
Qihang Peptide 87
Peptidegurus 3 mg 84
Peptidegurus 4 mg 84
Peptidegurus 5 mg 84
Peptidegurus 6 mg 84
Peptidegurus 10 mg 84
Reta Peptide $188.00 83
Reta Peptide 10 mg $65.00 83
Cocer Peptides 5 mg $80.00 82
Blank Peptides 10 mg $105.00 81
Crystal Peptides 5 mg $44.99 66
Crystal Peptides 10 mg $79.99 66
Nox Amino 10 mg $95.00 55
Peptiatlas 20 mg 51
Peptiatlas 51
Taishijie 51
Taikangbio 50
Zjpeptix 50
Hkuppeptide 20 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 10 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 15 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 20 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 10 mg $10.00 50
MEI-PEPETIDE 2 mg $45.00 48
DongCheng Peptide 46
Mandy 5 mg $26.00 43
HongDa Peptide $40.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 5 mg $46.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 10 mg $53.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 15 mg $68.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 20 mg $87.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 30 mg $116.00 43
MJT peptides 5 mg $37.00 39
HK Peptide Ltd (hk peptides) 10 mg $60.00 37
Bulk Peptides 10 mg $180.00
Polaris Peptides 20 mg $165.00
Polaris Peptides 12.5 mg $105.00
Polaris Peptides 5 mg $50.00
Polaris Peptides 2 mg $30.00
Polaris Peptides 10 mg $90.00

Research

Efficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Loomba R, George J, Castera L, Francque S, Lawitz E, Shoeb A, Clausen JO, Andersen B, Larsen AB, Gluud LL. · The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2026) ·

Background This phase 2 study evaluated once-weekly zalfermin and semaglutide for efficacy and safety in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and clinically significant fibrosis, including patients with compensated cirrhosis (F4c).

source →
Comparison of lifestyle, surgery, and semaglutide for weight management in endometrial cancer: a prospective observational study
Wei Y, Gong Y, Gong J, Zeng H, Zhong Z, Xiong Y, Li X. · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2026) · cohort

Background To compare sleeve gastrectomy, semaglutide therapy, and the Diet, Exercise, Accompany and Refresh (DEAR) weight management programme for weight control, metabolic improvement, and oncological outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer receiving fertility-sparing treatment.

source →
Impact of semaglutide on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment: a 24-month observational study
Cassataro G, Scriffignano S, Geraci G, Augello G, Grasso MA, D'Ippolito ME, Puleo MG, Cadelo M, Renda M, Tuttolomondo A. · Internal and emergency medicine (2026) ·

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) provide cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, and emerging data suggest neurocognitive effects.

source →
Semaglutide and Exercise Synergy in Obesity: Preserving Muscle Mass and Uncovering Organ Crosstalk
Inia JA, Droog S, Snabel J, Menke AL, Caspers MPM, de Jong JCBC, Jukema JW, Princen HMG, van den Hoek AM. · Diabetes & metabolism journal (2026) · animal

Background Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, effectively promotes weight loss and improves metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity. However, its use is often accompanied by reductions in lean mass, raising concerns about long-term muscle health.

source →
Advances in proteomics research related to semaglutide: evidence from humans and animals
Jia Q, Mu H, Wang Y, Gao Z, Gao Z. · Journal of endocrinological investigation (2026) · review

Background With the advancement of proteomics technologies, an increasing number of studies have begun to examine semaglutide-associated protein expression changes and pathway alterations across different biological contexts.

source →
Comparative Effectiveness of CagriSegma, Semaglutide, Cagrilintide and Tirzepatide in the Management of Overweight and Obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Hamarsheh S, Jaber AR, Abu-Khazneh O, Andonie CR, Majadleh S, Zahran A, Ayesh H. · Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism (2026) · cohort

Background Obesity is a chronic, progressive disease affecting over 1 billion adults worldwide, linked to serious comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease and associated with increased mortality. Achieving clinically meaningful weight loss is critical to reducing cardiometabolic risk.

source →
Hormonal Contraception and Initiation of Semaglutide Therapy
Bager MD, Wood-Kurland HK, Sørensen KK, Kragholm KH, Andersen MP, Torp-Pedersen C, Würtz Yazdanfard PD. · JAMA network open (2026) ·

Importance Concerns regarding weight changes during hormonal contraceptive use may influence health care-seeking behavior and contraceptive use patterns.

source →
Insulin, Semaglutide and Dapagliflozin in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Design and Methods of Triple Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (TTT1)-An International Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Timmons JG, Ghanim H, Boyle JG, Greenlaw N, Chaudhuri A, Batra MA, Lindsay RS, Jolly L, Bonner C, McConnachie A, Petrie JR, Dandona P. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026) ·

Aims Attaining target glycaemia can be a challenge in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) due to insulin-induced weight gain. Adjunct therapy with modern glucose-lowering agents developed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) has great potential but may be insufficiently efficacious and carries risks of hypoglycaemia and ketosis.

source →
Weight Loss in Veterans with Schizophrenia and Multimorbidity Prescribed Semaglutide: Results From a National Retrospective Cohort Study
Browne J, Wu WC, Jiang L, Bayer TA, Kunicki ZJ, Thompson M, Bozzay ML, De Vito AN, Howe MD, Singh M, Primack JM, McGeary JE, Maharaj R, Kelso CM, Philip NS, Greenberg BD, Rudolph J, et al. · Schizophrenia bulletin (2026) ·

Background and hypothesis People with schizophrenia are at heightened risk for physical multimorbidity and premature death. Semaglutide improves cardiometabolic outcomes, yet research is limited among individuals with schizophrenia.

source →
Neuropsychiatric Outcomes With Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Chen SC, Wang TJ, Chou CK, Lee C. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026) ·

Aims Neuropsychiatric safety concerns, including depression and suicidal ideation, have emerged during the expanding clinical use of incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, whether risks differ across successive generations of incretin-based therapies remains uncertain.

source →
Lower fall and femoral fracture risks with semaglutide and tirzepatide compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Chen HY, Wu JY, Chu YH, Chen TW, Huang CF. · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA (2026) ·

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether semaglutide and tirzepatide reduce the risk of falls and femoral fractures in older adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The findings showed significantly lower risks of both outcomes compared with DPP-4 inhibitors.

source →
Real-World Use of Semaglutide for Weight Management: Dose Titration, Discontinuation Patterns and Weight Changes
Skandov MD, Christensen KM, Dalin DA, Unkerskov J, Brønden A, Lund M, Christensen MB, Karstoft K. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026) ·

Aim In December 2022, semaglutide injections for weight management were marketed in Denmark. Pre-marketing trials documented high efficacy when adherence to the treatment and the recommended dose titration schedule was followed.

source →
Interleukine-2 (IL-2) Plus Semaglutide in Alzheimer's Disease
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite major research efforts, effective treatments that slow or stop disease progression remain limited. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation in the brain and the body plays a key role in the onset and progression of AD.

source →
GLP-1Ra Impact on Metabolic Outcomes in Stage 2 T1DM While Receiving Teplizumab
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · rct

The goal of this study is to determine how a drug class called glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) affects people during an early stage of Type 1 Diabetes undergoing clinical teplizumab treatment.

source →
Non-Invasive Hepatic and Metabolic Index Changes After Incretin Therapy in Overweight/Obesity
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · cohort

This single-center, retrospective observational cohort study evaluated early changes in non-invasive hepatic and metabolic indices (FIB-4, APRI, HSI, and the triglyceride-glucose \[TyG\] index) in adults with overweight or obesity who received once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide or tirzepatide for metabolic risk reduc…

source →
GLUCOSE-MGH: Genetic Links Understood Through Challenge With Oral Semaglutide Exposure at MGH
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · rct

The goal of this research study is to evaluate the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which genetic variation impacts response to an FDA-approved medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes called oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) and to characterize the physiological response to a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) before a…

source →
Semaglutide for the Treatment of Glucose Intolerance in Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2023) · rct

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is an important contributor to the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Women with glucose intolerance in early postpartum are a particularly high-risk group with about 50% who will develop T2DM within 5 years after the delivery.

source →
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Tan HC, et al. · J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc (2022) · meta-analysis · evidence A

Systematic review and meta-analysis of semaglutide for weight loss in obesity without diabetes; consistent, clinically meaningful reductions.

source →
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.
Wilding JPH, et al. · N Engl J Med (2021) · rct · evidence A

Phase 3 RCT (STEP 1): once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg produced ~15% mean body-weight reduction vs placebo over 68 weeks in adults with overweight or obesity.

source →
Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Rubino D, et al. · JAMA (2021) · rct · evidence A

RCT (STEP 4): continued semaglutide 2.4 mg maintained weight loss; switching to placebo led to regain, supporting ongoing treatment.

source →
Pharmacogenetics of the Response to GLP-1 in Mexican-Americans With Prediabetes
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2021) · rct

This project uses both transcriptomic- and genomic-level data to identify mechanisms of individual responses to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Mexican-Americans with prediabetes. The GLP-1 hormone is essential for glucose reduction, weight loss, cardiovascular risk reduction, and renal protection.

source →
Research Study of How Well Semaglutide Works in People Living With Overweight or Obesity.
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2020) · rct

This study will look at the change in body weight from the start to the end of the study. The purpose of the study is to compare the effect on body weight in people taking semaglutide (a new medicine) and people taking "dummy" medicine.

source →
Multiple Dose Trial Examining Dose Range, Escalation and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2013) · rct

This trial is conducted globally. The aim of the trial is to examine the dose range, escalation and efficacy of oral semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

source →